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KitWren
toeflTOEFL preparation courseListeningListeningabout 15 min

Signposting language in lectures

Signposting language in lectures: recognise how speakers introduce, sequence, contrast, exemplify, digress and conclude.

In this lesson you will

  • Recognise signposts for each function
  • Use signposts to predict what comes next
  • Separate main points from digressions

Learn

Introduce: Today we’ll focus on… ; Let’s start with… Sequence: First… Next… Another factor… Finally…

Contrast: However, On the other hand, By contrast, But here’s the thing… Example: For instance, Take…, Consider…

Emphasis: The key point is…, What’s really important…, Remember this… Digression: By the way…, As an aside…, Anyway, back to…

Conclude: So, to sum up…, What this means is…, The bottom line… Signposts let you predict the next idea.

Examples

  • “But here’s the thing — the data didn’t support it.” → contrast coming.
  • “As an aside, I once visited that site…” → digression, less likely tested.
  • “Remember this, because it matters later.” → important.

Vocabulary

signpost

a phrase that shows structure

digression

moving away from the main topic

emphasis

special importance

sequence

an order of steps

predict

guess what comes next

Practice

1 / 6

“As an aside…” signals…

Lesson quiz

1 / 4

“But here’s the thing…” usually introduces…

Review

Key points

  • Introduce, sequence, contrast, example.
  • Emphasis vs digression.
  • Conclusion signposts.
  • Predict from signposts.

What you learned

  • ✓ I recognise signposts.
  • ✓ I predict lecture structure.
  • ✓ I separate digressions.

KitWren is independent and not affiliated with ETS. This is original practice written by KitWren, modelled on the task types introduced in January 2026; it is not official TOEFL material. Any score shown is an educational estimate — not an official TOEFL score. Check ets.org for the current test format.