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KitWren
c2C2 Proficiency EnglishAdvanced academic writingWritingabout 18 min

Concision and clarity

Write with maximum clarity on complex topics: one idea per sentence, concrete subjects, active verbs, defined terms and reader-first structure.

In this lesson you will

  • Explain complex ideas clearly
  • Use concrete subjects and active verbs
  • Define terms and structure for the reader

Learn

One main idea per sentence when the topic is complex. Long sentences are fine if their structure is simple (main clause first, then detail).

Concrete subjects + active verbs: The implementation of the policy resulted in a reduction of emissions → The policy cut emissions. Characters (people, organisations) as subjects; actions as verbs.

Define technical terms at first use, or replace them: latency (the delay before data transfer begins). Use one term consistently — don’t switch between users, clients, customers for the same group.

Reader-first structure: conclusion first when readers need decisions (BLUF); examples and analogies for abstract ideas; headings and lists for complex procedures.

Examples

  • Unclear: There was a decision by the board regarding the discontinuation of the product.
  • Clear: The board decided to discontinue the product.
  • Defining: Inflation — the rate at which prices rise — reached 6%.

Vocabulary

clarity

being easy to understand

latency

delay (technical)

analogy

a comparison that explains

discontinue

stop producing

consistent

unchanging

Practice

1 / 8

Clearer:

Speaking

Explain the same concept in 60 seconds to a 12-year-old, then in 60 seconds to an expert.

Recording isn’t available in this browser. You can still practise: say your answer aloud, then type what you said.

Writing

Explain a complex concept from your field or interests (e.g. compound interest, vaccination, machine learning) to an intelligent non-expert in 180–220 words.

  • ☐ One main idea per sentence
  • ☐ Concrete subjects and active verbs
  • ☐ Terms defined
  • ☐ At least one analogy
  • ☐ Consistent terminology
0 / 180+ words

Lesson quiz

1 / 5

An analogy is…

Review

Key points

  • One idea per sentence.
  • Concrete subjects, active verbs.
  • Define and keep terms consistent.
  • Reader-first structure; analogies.

What you learned

  • ✓ I explain complex ideas clearly.
  • ✓ I write for non-experts.
  • ✓ I structure for readers.